So my guess that you were using the gallery was wrong. On the bright side, I did figure out how to access the gallery 
It looks like you were provided a solution with using a custom shape, another thing I have not done before!
Good Luck!
Andrew Pitonyak
This might seem obvious, but:
1. What document type?
Calc
2. What is a "custom" shape? Do you mean com.sun.star.drawing.CustomShape
Yes
Not that I have never used Cutom Shapes in any way in LibreOffice, but i have written a Macro at least once. 
I have written code that adds things such as lines (and other shapes) into documents.
I might have looked at something in LO that allows me to have a bunch of shapes. On my computer, I use
View > Gallery
Too open it. From there it looks like I can drag objects out of the "gallery" and onto a document.
That makes a kind of copy&paste. I need an object newly created with the
mouse.
When you click on a shape icon in the toolbar and then click and drag
with the mouse to create the shape, then the created custom shape is on
a wrong layer. You notice in the "Drawing object properties"-toolbar,
that both "To Foreground" and "To Background" are enabled. "To
Foreground" should not be enabled, because when you create a custom
shape with the mouse, you are working already in the "Foreground". I
have a patch for it, but struggle with the unit test.
Kind regards
Regina