I think this is probably by design. When you plot a chart, you don't normally put individual data values on the axes, but merely label the axis with round, equally spaced values. Since your data is roughly monthly, having x-values labelled once per month sounds sensible. Note that the y-axis is not labelled with your actual balance amounts but likewise with suitably round, equally spaced values.
A column chart appears to set out the columns somewhat regularly, not exactly according to the x-value for each column. Perhaps that is because such charts are normally used for non-parametric statistics, where this makes sense. And you shouldn't really want your equally spaced columns to be labelled with unequally spaced vales.
So what can you do? One possibility is to use a chart of type "X-Y (Scatter)", where the x-axis labels will still be equally spaced, but the data points will be displaced into their appropriate place within each month. But I suspect a better solution, if you really want a column chart, is to label your columns with just the relevant month - discarding the day information. You can do this either by changing the format of your column of statement dates and keeping your "Source format" option, or - probably more sensibly - to keep the original dates showing in your table but to untick "Source format" in the x-Axis dialogue and set a suitable date format there. How about something like "MM/YY" (12/14) or "MMM YY" (Dec 14)?
Alternatively, you can use Insert Data Labels to create labels on the columns themselves. Use Format Data Labels... to adjust them; you can choose "Show category" to place the date values instead of the balance amounts on the columns. Format the dates as you wish (they inherit the Number format from the x-Axis dialogue), possibly rotating them to fit the columns. Once you have the data labels as you want them - perhaps "D MMM YYYY" (2 Dec 2014) - you can choose to delete the x-axis entirely, so you just have columns labelled with the actual dates.
I trust this helps.
Brian Barker